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Encoding/Decoding Tools Various encoding and decoding utilities commonly used in penetration testing and security assessments. Base64 Encoding/Decoding Encode to Base64 # String to Base64 echo -n "TARGET_STRING" | base64 # File to Base64 base64 -i input.txt # Base64 with line wrapping echo -n "TARGET_STRING" | base64 -w 0 Decode from Base64 # Base64 to String echo "BASE64_STRING" | base64 -d # Base64 file to output base64 -d -i encoded.txt -o decoded.txt # Base64 to stdout echo "BASE64_STRING" | base64 -d URL Encoding/Decoding URL Encode # Using Python python3 -c "import urllib.parse; print(urllib.parse.quote('TARGET_STRING'))" # Using Node.js node -e "console.log(encodeURIComponent('TARGET_STRING'))" # Using xxd (hex encoding) echo -n "TARGET_STRING" | xxd -p | sed 's/../%&/g' URL Decode # Using Python python3 -c "import urllib.parse; print(urllib.parse.unquote('ENCODED_STRING'))" # Using Node.js node -e "console.log(decodeURIComponent('ENCODED_STRING'))" Hex Encoding/Decoding String to Hex # Using xxd echo -n "TARGET_STRING" | xxd -p # Using od echo -n "TARGET_STRING" | od -A n -t x1 # Using hexdump echo -n "TARGET_STRING" | hexdump -C Hex to String # Using xxd echo "HEX_STRING" | xxd -r -p # Using printf printf "\\x48\\x65\\x6c\\x6c\\x6f" ROT13 Encoding ROT13 Encode/Decode # Using tr echo "TARGET_STRING" | tr 'A-Za-z' 'N-ZA-Mn-za-m' # Using Python python3 -c "import codecs; print(codecs.encode('TARGET_STRING', 'rot13'))" Caesar Cipher Caesar Cipher (Shift 13) # Using tr with custom shift echo "TARGET_STRING" | tr 'A-Za-z' 'N-ZA-Mn-za-m' # Python implementation python3 -c " def caesar_cipher(text, shift): result = '' for char in text: if char.isalpha(): ascii_offset = 65 if char.isupper() else 97 result += chr((ord(char) - ascii_offset + shift) % 26 + ascii_offset) else: result += char return result print(caesar_cipher('TARGET_STRING', 13)) " Binary Encoding String to Binary # Using xxd echo -n "TARGET_STRING" | xxd -b # Using Python python3 -c " text = 'TARGET_STRING' binary = ' '.join(format(ord(char), '08b') for char in text) print(binary) " Binary to String # Using Python python3 -c " binary = '01001000 01100101 01101100 01101100 01101111' text = ''.join(chr(int(b, 2)) for b in binary.split()) print(text) " HTML Entity Encoding HTML Encode # Using Python python3 -c " import html print(html.escape('TARGET_STRING')) " HTML Decode # Using Python python3 -c " import html print(html.unescape('<script>alert(1)</script>')) " Unicode Encoding String to Unicode # Using Python python3 -c " text = 'TARGET_STRING' unicode_str = ''.join(f'\\u{ord(char):04x}' for char in text) print(unicode_str) " Unicode to String # Using Python python3 -c " unicode_str = '\\u0048\\u0065\\u006c\\u006c\\u006f' print(unicode_str.encode().decode('unicode_escape')) " Advanced Encoding Techniques Double URL Encoding # First encoding python3 -c "import urllib.parse; print(urllib.parse.quote('TARGET_STRING'))" | python3 -c "import urllib.parse; print(urllib.parse.quote(input()))" Base64 + URL Encoding # Base64 then URL encode echo -n "TARGET_STRING" | base64 | python3 -c "import urllib.parse; print(urllib.parse.quote(input()))" Hex + URL Encoding # Hex then URL encode echo -n "TARGET_STRING" | xxd -p | python3 -c "import urllib.parse; print(urllib.parse.quote(input()))" One-liner Commands Quick Base64 Encode echo -n "TARGET_STRING" | base64 | tr -d '\n' Quick URL Encode python3 -c "import urllib.parse; print(urllib.parse.quote('TARGET_STRING'))" Quick Hex Encode echo -n "TARGET_STRING" | xxd -p | tr -d '\n' Quick ROT13 echo "TARGET_STRING" | tr 'A-Za-z' 'N-ZA-Mn-za-m' File Operations Encode File to Base64 base64 -i input.txt -o encoded.txt Decode Base64 File base64 -d -i encoded.txt -o decoded.txt Encode Multiple Files for file in *.txt; do base64 -i "$file" -o "${file%.txt}.b64" done Online Alternatives If command-line tools are not available, these online services can be used: ...